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Publications & Reports

Review our work products 

We provide easy access to thousands of SFEI’s reports, journal articles, books, conference papers/proceedings, factsheets, hearing summaries, maps, and more. 

These printable and downloadable materials connect our science to action, cover a broad range of topics, and have many applications. This library is searchable and filterable. If you have difficulty finding the information you are looking for, please contact us at [email protected].

Programs & Topics

Select the program or topic of your interest among the nested filters below. 

Load and concentration based performance outcomes for emerging organic contaminants in bioretention stormwater treatment systems

Author(s): Jennifer Dougherty | Kayli Paterson | Melissa Gonzalez | Edward Kolodziej | Diana Lin | Alicia Gilbreath | Elisabeth Rødland | Win Cowger | Hazel Vaquero | Andrea Amend | Rebecca Sutton

2026

The performance capabilities of bioretention systems for a range of stormwater constituents remain lightly characterized, particularly for emerging organic contaminants. To address this gap, we evaluated concentration- and load-based treatment outcomes at four urban…

Regional Framework for the Next Generation of Urban Greening

Author(s): Lauren Stoneburner | Melissa Foley | Cate Jaffe | Kendall Harris

2025

The Regional Framework for the Next Generation of Urban Greening (“the Framework”) provides a roadmap for this alignment, offering nine essential steps to help practitioners navigate the complex, cross-cutting challenges of urban greening. Each step is supported by practical…

Patterns in bird and pollinator occupancy and richness in a mosaic of urban office parks across scales and seasons

Author(s): Kelly Iknayan | Sacha Heath | Scott Terrill | Daniel Wenny | Stephanie Panlasigui | Yiwei Wang | Erin Beller | Erica Spotswood

2024

Urbanization is a leading cause of global biodiversity loss, yet cities can provide resources required by many species throughout the year. In recognition of this, cities around the world are adopting strategies to increase biodiversity. These efforts would benefit from a…

Chapter 14, Making Nature’s City: An Applied Science Framework to Guide Evaluation and Planning for Urban Biodiversity Conservation

Author(s): Bronwen Stanford | Kelly Iknayan | Robin Grossinger | Erin Beller | Matthew Benjamin | Letitia Grenier | Micaela Bazo | Nicole Heller | Myla Aronson | Peter Groffman | Erica Spotswood

2023

Conserving urban biodiversity will rely on updating our planning paradigms. This work synthesizes urban ecological research and identifies seven elements—patch size, connections, matrix quality, habitat diversity, native vegetation, special resources, and stewardship and…

Ecology for Health: Design Guidance for Fostering Human Health and Biodiversity in Cities

Author(s): Joe Burg | Jennifer Symonds | Vanessa Lee | Bronwen Stanford | Brandon Herman | Stephanie Panlasigui | Karen Verpeet

2023

Greenspaces provide crucial nature contact for urban residents. When we have greater access and exposure to nature in the places where we live, work, learn, and play, we tend to experience better human health outcomes. Urban parks, trees, and vegetation encourage physical…

The biological deserts fallacy: Cities in their landscapes contribute more than we think to regional biodiversity

Author(s): Erica Spotswood | Erin Beller | Robin Grossinger | Letitia Grenier | Nicole Heller | Myla Aronson

2021

Cities are both embedded within and ecologically linked to their surrounding landscapes. Although urbanization poses a substantial threat to biodiversity, cities also support many species, some of which have larger populations, faster growth rates, and higher productivity in…

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Biophilia beyond the Building: Applying the Tools of Urban Biodiversity Planning to Create Biophilic Cities

Author(s): Stephanie Panlasigui | Erica Spotswood | Erin Beller | Robin Grossinger

2021

In response to the widely recognized negative impacts of urbanization on biodiversity, many cities are reimagining urban design to provide better biodiversity support. Some cities have developed urban biodiversity plans, primarily focused on improving biodiversity support and…

Nature inequity and higher COVID-19 case rates in less green neighbourhoods in the United States

Author(s): Erica Spotswood | Matthew Benjamin | Lauren Stoneburner | Megan Wheeler

2021

Urban nature—such as greenness and parks—can alleviate distress and provide space for safe recreation during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, nature is often less available in low-income populations and communities of colour—the same communities hardest hit by COVID-19. In…

Trees and Hydrology in Urban Landscapes

Author(s): Tan Zi | Alison Whipple | Pete Kauhanen | Erica Spotswood | Letitia Grenier | Robin Grossinger | Ruth Askevold

2021

Effective implementation of urban greening strategies is needed to address legacies of landscape change and environmental degradation, ongoing development pressures, and the urgency of the climate crisis. With limited space and resources, these challenges will not be met…

What makes urban parks good for California quail? Evaluating park suitability, species persistence, and the potential for reintroduction into a large urban national park

Author(s): Kelly Iknayan | Megan Wheeler | Samuel Safran | Jonathan Young | Erica Spotswood

2021


  1. Preserving and restoring wildlife in urban areas benefits both urban ecosystems and the well-being of urban residents. While urban wildlife conservation is a rapidly developing field, the majority of conservation research has been performed in wildland areas.…

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Sports and urban biodiversity

Author(s): Robin Grossinger | Megan Wheeler | Erica Spotswood | Erik Ndayishimiye | Giulia Carbone | R Galt

2020

SFEI collaborated with the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to create a guide to incorporating nature into urban sports, from the development of Olympic cities to the design and management of the many…

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Wildlife Habitat and Water Quality Enhancement Opportunities at Castlewood Country Club

Author(s): Stephanie Panlasigui | Sarah Pearce | Ryan Hegstad | Matthew Quinn | Alison Whipple

2020

Meeting human and ecological needs within San Francisco Bay’s watersheds is increasingly challenged by flooding, water quality degradation, and habitat loss, exacerbated by intensified urbanization and climate change. Addressing these challenges requires implementing multi…

Making Nature's City

Author(s): Erica Spotswood | Robin Grossinger | Steve Hagerty | Micaela Bazo | Matthew Benjamin | Erin Beller | Letitia Grenier | Ruth Askevold

2019

Cities will face many challenges over the coming decades, from adapting to a changing climate to accommodating rapid population growth. A related suite of challenges threatens global biodiversity, resulting in many species facing extinction. While urban planners and…

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Urban Ecological Planning Guide for Santa Clara Valley

Author(s): Steve Hagerty | Erica Spotswood | Katie McKnight | Robin Grossinger

2019

This document provides some of the scientific foundation needed to guide planning for urban biodiversity in the Santa Clara Valley region, grounded in an understanding of landscape history, urban ecology and local setting. It can be used to envision the ecological potential…

Re-Oaking Silicon Valley: Building Vibrant Cities with Nature

Author(s): Erica Spotswood | Robin Grossinger | Steve Hagerty | Erin Beller | Letitia Grenier | Ruth Askevold

2017

In this report, we investigate how re-integrating components of oak woodlands into developed landscapes — “re-oaking” — can provide an array of valuable functions for both wildlife and people. Re-oaking can increase the biodiversity and ecological resilience of urban…