Emerging Contaminants
Our Team in the Emerging Contaminants
The San Francisco Estuary Institute comprises over sixty scientists, technologists, and designers who offer a wide range of expertise. Each team member, in her or his own way, helps to define environmental problems, advance public debate about them through sound science, and support consensus-based solutions that improve environmental planning, management, and policy development.
Projects Related to the Emerging Contaminants
California Pesticides: A Data Visualization Tool to Link Pesticide Use and Management to Water Quality
Despite California's data-rich environment, there are still many obstacles when trying to access and understand pesticide data at the nexus of water quality, ecological effects, and human health. We recognize a need to fill data gaps, not necessarily by collecting new data, but by better leveraging information already technically in the public domain. The goal of this project is to bring pesticide reporting, occurrence, and toxicity data together in ways that yield insights and meet the expressed needs of stakeholders in clear, efficient, credible, and repeatable ways.
Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
A recent analysis of PFAS in the surface waters of SF Bay was conducted to understand the occurrence, fate, and potential risks to ecological and human health. Eleven of 40 PFAS were detected at part per trillions (ppt) concentrations in ambient water collected in 2021 from 22 sites in the Bay. Seven PFAS (PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFBS, PFHxS, and PFOS), were found in at least 50% of samples. Concentrations of PFAS in the Bay were generally consistent with similar studies globally for surface water. Sustained, multi-matrix monitoring of this important class of contaminants of emerging concern is a high priority for the RMP.
Contaminants of Emerging Concern Strategy
More than 100,000 chemicals have been registered or approved for commercial use in the US. For many of these chemicals, major information gaps limit evaluations of their potential risks, and environmental monitoring of these chemicals has not been required by regulatory agencies. Nevertheless, researchers and government agencies have begun to collect occurrence, fate, and toxicity data for a number of these chemicals.
A Broad Scan of Bay Contaminants: Non-targeted Analysis of Bay Wildlife
A cutting edge analysis identifies low levels of five unmonitored compounds in wildlife of San Francisco Bay. Bay mussel and harbor seal samples were tested for previously unmonitored contaminants using a non-targeted analysis that screens mainly for long-lived, fat-soluble, chlorine and bromine-rich chemicals. The samples contained five contaminants not previously identified in Bay wildlife, and for which toxicity is largely unknown. Most of the Bay chemical contamination was from high priority contaminants that the RMP already monitors, or closely related compounds.
Publications related to the Emerging Contaminants
The Institute has collectively produced more than 1300 reports, articles, and other publications over the course of its 24-year existence. The following list represents those publications associated with this individual program and its focus areas.
Year of Publication: 2023
Assessment of Long-Chain Polyethoxylate Surfactants in Wastewater Effluent, Stormwater Runoff, and Ambient Water of San Francisco Bay, CA [Internet]. American Chemical Society; 2023 . Report No.: 1126. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsestwater.3c00024 .
Concentrations of Select Commonly Used Organic UV Filters in San Francisco Bay Wastewater Effluent. San Francisco Estuary Institute; 2023 . Report No.: 1111. (752.39 KB) .
Optimizing Chemicals Management in the United States and Canada through the Essential-Use Approach. Environmental Science & Technology. 2023;57(4). (2.72 MB) .
Pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and ultraviolet filters in wastewater discharges to San Francisco Bay as drivers of ecotoxicity. Environmental Pollution [Internet]. 2023;336. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749123014343 .
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: A Chemical Class of Emerging Concern. . Environmental Science & Technology. 2023;57(20). (3.53 MB) .
Tire Wear: Emissions Estimates and Market Insights to Inform Monitoring Design. . Richmond, CA: San Francisco Estuary Institute; 2023 . Report No.: 1109. .
Year of Publication: 2022
A living tool for the continued exploration of microplastic toxicity. . Microplastics and Nanoplastics. 2022;2(13). (2.16 MB) .
Bisphenols in San Francisco Bay: Wastewater, Stormwater, and Margin Sediment Monitoring. Richmond, CA: San Francisco Estuary Institute; 2022 . Report No.: 1093. (1.22 MB) .
CECs in California’s Ambient Aquatic Ecosystems: Occurrence and Risk Screening of Key Classes. . ASC Contribution. Richmond, CA: Aquatic Science Center; 2022 . Report No.: 1066. (1.01 MB) (441.1 KB) .
Microplastics from Tire Particles in San Francisco Bay Factsheet. Richmond, CA: San Francisco Estuary Institute; 2022. (1.38 MB) .
Occurrence and risk assessment of organophosphate esters and bisphenols in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Science of the Total Environment [Internet]. 2022;813. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969721073630?via%3Dihub .
PFAS in San Francisco Bay Water. Richmond, CA: San Francisco Estuary Institute; 2022 . Report No.: 1094. (2.37 MB) .
Research recommendations to better understand the potential health impacts of microplastics to humans and aquatic ecosystems. Microplastics and Nanoplastics. 2022;2(18). (466.11 KB) .
Risk-based management framework for microplastics in aquatic ecosystems. . Microplastics and Nanoplastics. 2022;2(17). (1.3 MB) .
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